Bile duct cancer, also called Cholangiocarcinoma, is a rare but serious disease. It develops in the bile ducts, which are thin tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder. Bile then moves to the small intestine, where it helps digest fats.
Types of Bile Duct Cancer
Cholangiocarcinoma is classified into three types based on its location:
1. Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
This type develops in the bile ducts inside the liver. It is sometimes mistaken for liver cancer.
2. Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Also called Perihilar carcinoma, it occurs in the bile ducts just outside the liver. This is the most common type.
3. Distal Cholangiocarcinoma
This type forms in the part of the bile duct closest to the small intestine. It often leads to jaundice and digestion issues.
Risk Factors for Bile Duct Cancer
1. Age
Bile duct cancer mostly affects people over 65. The risk increases with age.
2. Abnormal Bile Duct Structure
Some people are born with bile ducts that did not form properly. This can lead to long-term irritation and increase the risk of cancer.
3. Chronic Bile Duct Inflammation
Long-term swelling in the bile ducts, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, can make cancer more likely.
4. Liver Disease
People with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B or C infections have a higher chance of developing bile duct cancer.
5. Gallstones and Bile Duct Stones
Frequent gallstones or bile duct stones can cause long-term irritation, increasing the risk of cancer.
6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease increase the risk of bile duct cancer.
7. Parasitic Infections
Certain parasites found in contaminated food or water can infect the bile ducts. Long-term infections can lead to cancer.
8. Exposure to Harmful Chemicals
Workers exposed to industrial chemicals or toxins have a higher risk. These substances can damage bile duct cells over time.
Lifestyle Factors That Increase Risk
1. Smoking
Smoking is linked to many cancers, including bile duct cancer. It damages DNA and affects cell repair.
2. Excessive Alcohol Consumption
Drinking too much alcohol can lead to liver disease, increasing the risk of bile duct cancer.
3. Obesity
Being overweight can cause gallstones and liver disease, which are risk factors for bile duct cancer.
Conclusion
Bile duct cancer is rare but can be life-threatening. While doctors don’t know its exact cause, several risk factors have been identified. Age, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices all play a role. Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment.If you have unexplained weight loss, jaundice, or abdominal pain, don’t ignore it. Consult Dr. Sanjoy Mandal, a renowned bile duct cancer doctor in Kolkata immediately for early diagnosis and treatment.