Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder that occurs when the ring-shaped muscle (lower esophageal sphincter) at the lower end of the esophagus does not function properly. In a healthy person, this muscle allows food to pass into the stomach and prevents it from flowing back into the esophagus.
However, in people suffering from GERD, stomach contents, including acid, flow backward into the esophagus. This leads to acidity, irritation, and other digestive issues. If left untreated, GERD can cause damage to the esophagus and affect daily life.
Symptoms of GERD
GERD presents various symptoms that may vary from person to person. Common signs include:
- Heartburn (burning sensation in the chest)
- Chest pain
- Nausea
- Sensation of a lump in the throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chronic cough or sore throat
Risk Factors of GERD
Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing GERD:
1. Weight Gain or Obesity
Excess weight puts pressure on the stomach, causing acid to flow back into the esophagus.
2. Family History of GERD
If GERD runs in the family, there is a higher chance of developing the condition.
3. Hiatal Hernia
This condition occurs when the upper part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, making acid reflux more likely.
4. Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Smoking weakens the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to rise more easily.
5. Eating Fatty and Spicy Foods
Foods high in fat take longer to digest and increase the risk of acid reflux.
6. Drinking Alcohol, Coffee, or Carbonated Beverages
These drinks relax the esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux.
7. Lying Down Soon After Eating
Lying down immediately after meals can cause acid to move up into the esophagus.
8. Certain Medications
Some medications, such as antidepressants, calcium channel blockers (for high blood pressure), sedatives, and asthma medications, can contribute to GERD symptoms.
How is GERD Diagnosed?
Doctors use various methods to diagnose GERD, including:
- Upper Endoscopy – A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to check for damage.
- pH Monitoring – A small device measures acid levels in the esophagus over 24 hours.
Lifestyle Modifications and Treatment Options
Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage GERD:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating smaller meals and avoiding late-night snacking
- Avoiding trigger foods like fatty, spicy, or acidic items
- Limiting alcohol, coffee, and carbonated drinks
- Quitting smoking
Surgical Treatments for GERD
When medical treatments fail, surgery becomes necessary. Surgical options include:
- Fundoplication – The top part of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus to prevent acid reflux.
- LINX Device – A small magnetic ring is placed around the esophagus to strengthen the sphincter.
- Stretta Procedure – Radiofrequency energy strengthens the esophageal muscles.
Conclusion
GERD can be a serious condition. Therefore, it is advised that people maintain a healthy and active life to stay away from the risk of getting GERD. If you suffer from this condition, timely treatment and the right modifications in your diet and life are extremely important to lower its symptoms.
Don’t let GERD affect your daily life. Consult Dr. Sanjoy Madal for GERD treatment in kolkata today to find the right treatment and enjoy better digestive health.